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	<title>Dissident Voice &#187; Mike Ely</title>
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	<description>a radical newsletter in the struggle for peace and social justice</description>
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		<title>Memories of Beer Lovers, Hemp Farmers &amp; Bloody Revolution</title>
		<link>http://dissidentvoice.org/2008/07/memories-of-beer-lovers-hemp-farmers-bloody-revolution/</link>
		<comments>http://dissidentvoice.org/2008/07/memories-of-beer-lovers-hemp-farmers-bloody-revolution/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jul 2008 13:03:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mike Ely</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Anti-slavery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Capitalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corporate Globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Labor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Revolution]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dissidentvoice.org/?p=2370</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ok, I admit it. I’m not your usual observer. When I heard that Budweiser had been bought by the Euro-capitalists InBev, I was not concerned.
I don’t care who owns the factories in the U.S. I don’t worry the U.S. heartland is being infiltrated by foreign interests. And certainly, I don’t consider Budweiser a national treasure. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Ok, I admit it. I’m not your usual observer. When I heard that Budweiser had been bought by the Euro-capitalists InBev, I was not concerned.</p>
<p>I don’t care who owns the factories in the U.S. I don’t worry the U.S. heartland is being infiltrated by foreign interests. And certainly, I don’t consider Budweiser a national treasure. The truth is that it’s almost undrinkable.</p>
<p>But my ears perked up when I read how Budweiser’s maker, Anheuser-Bush had roots in St. Louis that went back before the Civil War. Ah, my friends, THERE is a story worth telling. And I’m going to sit back in the damp heat of this Chicago evening, sip on a couple of Fat Tires, and tell it to you, just because I hate patriotic bullshit and because I love revolution.</p>
<p><center>* * * * *</center></p>
<p>First, there is nothing American about beer making in St. Louis.</p>
<p>St. Louis in the 1850s was a raw river town situated where the Missouri River and the broad Mississippi met. It was a frontier town in many ways and the jumping off point. It was the “end of the line” for civilization. But it was also one of the first American industrial cities, with one of the heaviest concentration of of factory workers in the country. And these workers were not native-born Americans.</p>
<p>A great many of them came straight from Germany &#8212; and formed part of a very large German speaking population that then dominated both the urban and rural landscape from St. Louis to Chicago, to Cincinnati and far into the farmlands of Pennsylvania. And these immigrant workers were a very rowdy and radical bunch. Many were veterans of Europe’s great revolutionary battles of 1848 &#8212; the first upheavals when working class and communist revolution emerged as a living threat to the world’s ruling classes.</p>
<p>And, at the same time, surrounding this heavily leftwing, working-class, German-speaking city was a countryside filled with some of the most ugly, racist, pro-slavery forces in the U.S. The Missouri River stretched west from St. Louis, and its shores were lined with slave plantations producing raw materials for twine &#8212; a product that shipped downriver to bind the cotton bales of the Mississippi Delta.</p>
<p>The slave owners of Missouri were quite militant. They produced the political gangs called “border ruffians” who crossed the western Missouri border into nearby Kansas territory, where they engaged in armed struggle with abolitionists like John Brown over whether Bloody Kansas would be a slave state or free.</p>
<p>So you can imagine that there was a tension growing through the 1850s between the pro-slavery farmers of the Missouri floodplains and the anti-slavery and often communist workers of St. Louis.</p>
<p>There was a parallel, and little known cultural clash going on at the same time: the German workers arrived as beer drinkers and quite a few of them were first class brewers. There were some Irish among the workers, and they too were fans of the Germans’ sudsy “liquid bread.”</p>
<p>Before long St. Louis was peppered with huge German beer halls, where the often lonely immigrants found community and a feeling of home. For reasons I haven’t yet uncovered, the reactionary political forces of Missouri territory were anti-beer. Maybe they didn’t want this foreign culture to take root. Perhaps they had some early religious prohibitionist logic. But in any case, there was an early political clash when a major push was made to ban beer in St. Louis, and (needless to say) the German workers pushed back.</p>
<p>Here is an irony worth thinking about: In the Mississippi river valley, this important historical clash started between beer lovers and hemp growers. And, believe it or not, revolutionary sympathies go with the beer drinkers.</p>
<p>At a time when social organization among immigrants was primitive, the fight over beer helped spur a sense of common identity among the workers, and gave rise to a number of political newspapers. And the movement that emerged from these circles were increasingly active in the fight over slavery. I have on my bookshelf a rare little book that gathers articles and histories from these German immigrant newspapers &#8212; and it is clear how they started to articulate deeply revolutionary views that spoke for a highly conscious and engaged working class population.</p>
<p>You may have studied the civil war a little&#8230; I know I have always been fascinated by this first, truly revolutionary war on U.S. soil. And one thing to keep in mind was that the so-called “border states” were a key battle ground as the civil war broke out. There was a strip of these states (from Maryland through West Virginia, Kentucky, to Missouri) that had sizable populations of slave owners and slaves  but a general political mood that was divided over the issues of secession and war.</p>
<p>And in this fight over the border states, Maryland had a particular importance because it surrounded the Union capital, so that if it joined the slavery confederation, Washington DC would be harder to defend. And the mood was so bad that Abraham Lincoln was almost killed in Baltimore as he traveled from Illinois to DC to assume the presidency. At the other end of the country, St. Louis has a major strategic importance for the war: It was the major anti-slavery center on the Mississippi. (The next river city, Memphis, was a creature of the Mississippi Delta. It was one of the urban nerve centers of the slave empire &#8212; filled with slave markets and holding pens.)</p>
<p>And so, as war broke out, all sides prepared to seize St. Louis by force. And if it had fallen to the slavocracy, it would have been quite hard for the Union’s armies to gain a foothold on the Mississippi, and it would have been that much harder to defeat the South.</p>
<p>On the surface, the politics of St. Louis did not look promising. After 1860, the new governor Claiborne Fox Jackson was clearly a pro-slavery diehard, and the bastard was scheming to secede from the Union and pull the state into slavery’s confederacy.</p>
<p>Step by step the tensions mounted, and started to go from political to military preparations. One focus of preparations was the state armory, the largest warehouse of weapons on the frontier. Whoever controlled those guns would be better able to crush their enemies.</p>
<p>Here again beer enters the story. Because the German workers started to prepare for battle. Led by veterans of the 1848 Revolutions, they started to secretly train themselves in discipline and military tactics. Their plan: to rise up against the state government in armed insurrection, to seize the armory, and defeat the governor’s army.</p>
<p>Where did they do their drills? In the cavernous beer halls of St. Louis. At a given time, they would gather. The doors would be sealed and put under vigilant guard. The tables would be cleared away. And cartloads of sawdust would be scattered deep on the beerhall floors.</p>
<p>And with the sawdust muffling the tramp, tramp, tramp of their feet, the workers prepared themselves for war &#8212; learning the unit movements so central to the warfare of that day. Outside, on the streets, the many spies of the governor could not hear what was going on within.</p>
<p>I won’t go into great detail about the heroic and fascinating ways that violence erupted. Led by fearless army officer Nathaniel Lyons the anti-slavery forces struck, and struck hard. They seized St. Louis and the armory. And they shattered the schemes of the slave owners. They routed the Governor’s troops in the early battles. And they bottled up the slaveowners of the Missouri River &#8212; cutting them off from the Confederacy.</p>
<p>What followed was one of the most bitter civil wars I have ever studied: Missouri was criss-crossed by vicious pro-slavery death squads that carried out horrific murders and mutilations. Their raiders came dressed in a cloud of human scalps sewn into their clothes and bridles &#8212; as they spread terror among those who opposed the sale of human beings. If you have ever wondered where the frontier killer Jesse James got trained, it was as a triggerman for one of the most notorious death squads of the slavocracy.</p>
<p>Hemp made its appearance here too, right in the midst of the fighting: in several key battles the Confederate forces build protective breast works out of the hemp bales pulled from their slave plantations, piling up the bundled hemp harvest to protect themselves from Union bullets.</p>
<p>Fighting against the slavocrats were a complex array of forces, and at their core were new Union army units led by radical Republican John Charles Fremont, recruited heavily from among the German workers of St. Louis. The first known actions of communists in the U.S. was the revolutionary armed struggle of these largely German-speaking forces, led in part by Colonel Joseph Weydemeyer, an energetic communist co-thinker of Karl Marx.</p>
<p>These units militantly emancipated many slaves that fell into their hands. This was in direct contradiction with the policy of President Lincoln who, afraid to offend the leading forces of other border states, insisted in the early days of the civil war that slaves should not be freed, but should be treated as “contraband property.” In this dispute, Fremont was removed from the command of the Missouri armies, and these revolutionary working class forces were dispersed into larger armies in order to better control them.</p>
<p>There are, in my opinion, many lessons and insights within this story. And more in the parts I have left untold.</p>
<p>But I tell this story now just to make a single point:</p>
<p>Anyone who thinks that Budweiser and the beer industry of St. Louis is a story of patriotism, Americanism, of all-American “national treasures,” of a whiteman’s “heartland” of traditional values and conservative xenophobia&#8230; Anyone who runs that story just doesn’t know.</p>
<p>The story of beer in St. Louis is a story of communist immigrant workers who didn’t speak English, who hated the mistreatment of kidnapped Africans in the United States, who had little love for America’s institutions, and who were willing to die (and kill!) to end the horrific practices of human slavery.</p>
<p>Deal with it. Pass it on.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Eyes on the Maobadi: 4 Reasons Nepal’s Revolution Matters</title>
		<link>http://dissidentvoice.org/2008/06/eyes-on-the-maobadi-4-reasons-nepal%e2%80%99s-revolution-matters/</link>
		<comments>http://dissidentvoice.org/2008/06/eyes-on-the-maobadi-4-reasons-nepal%e2%80%99s-revolution-matters/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 13 Jun 2008 13:02:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Mike Ely</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Activism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communism/Marxism/Maoism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nepal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Revolution]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Solidarity]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.dissidentvoice.org/?p=2164</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Something remarkable is happening. A whole generation of people has never seen a radical, secular, revolutionary movement rise with popular support. And yet here it is &#8212; in Nepal today.
This movement has overthrown Nepal ’s hated King Gyanendra and abolished the medieval monarchy. It has created a revolutionary army that now squares off with the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Something remarkable is happening. A whole generation of people has never seen a radical, secular, revolutionary movement rise with popular support. And yet here it is &#8212; in Nepal today.</p>
<p>This movement has overthrown Nepal ’s hated King Gyanendra and abolished the medieval monarchy. It has created a revolutionary army that now squares off with the old King’s army. It has built parallel political power in remote rural areas over a decade of guerrilla war &#8212; undermining feudal traditions like the caste system. It has gathered broad popular support and emerged as the leading force of an unprecedented Constituent Assembly (CA). And it has done all this under the radical banner of Maoist communism &#8212; advocating a fresh attempt at socialism and a classless society around the world.</p>
<p>People in Nepal call these revolutionaries the Maobadi.</p>
<p>Another remarkable thing is the silence surrounding all this. There has been very little reporting about the intense moments now unfolding in Nepal , or about the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) that stand at their center. Meanwhile, the nearby Tibetan uprisings against abuses by China ’s government got non-stop coverage.</p>
<p>There are obvious reasons for this silence. The Western media isn’t thrilled when people in one of the world’s poorest countries throw their support behind one of the world’s most radical movements.</p>
<p>But clearly many alternative news sources don’t quite know what to make of the Nepali revolution. The Maobadi’s mix of communist goals and non-dogmatic methods disturb a lot of leftist assumptions too. When the CPN(Maoist) launched an armed uprising in 1996, some people thought these were outdated tactics. When the CPN(Maoist) suspended armed combat in 2006 and entered an anti-monarchist coalition government, some people assumed they would lose their identity to a corrupt cabal. When the Maoists press their current anti-feudal program, some people think they are forgetting about socialism.</p>
<p>But silent skepticism is a wrong approach. The world needs to be watching Nepal. The stunning Maoist victory in the April elections was not, yet, the decisive victory over conservative forces. The Maobadi are at the center of the political staqe but they have not yet defeated or dismantled the old government’s army. New tests of strength lie ahead.</p>
<p>The Maoists of Nepal aren’t just a opposition movement any more; they are tackling the very different problems of leading a society through a process of radical change. They are maneuvering hard to avoid a sudden crushing defeat at the hands of powerful armies. As a result, the Maobadi of Nepal are carrying out tactics for isolating their internal rivals, broadening their appeal, and neutralizing external enemies.</p>
<p>All this looks bewildering seen up close. This world has been through a long, heartless stretch without much radicalism or revolution. Most people have never seen what it looks like when a popular communist revolution reaches for power.</p>
<p>Let’s break the silence by listing four reasons for looking closely at Nepal.</p>
<p><strong>Reason #1: Here are communists who have discarded rigid thinking, but not their radicalism.</strong></p>
<p>Leaders of the CPN(Maoist) say they protect the living revolution “from the revolutionary phrases we used to memorize.”</p>
<p>The Maobadi took a fresh and painstakingly detailed look at their society. They identified which conditions and forces imposed the horrific poverty on the people. They developed creative methods for connecting deeply with the discontent and highest hopes of people. They have generated great and growing influence over the last fifteen years.</p>
<p>To get to the brink of power, this movement fused and alternated different forms of struggle. They started with a great organizing drive, followed by launching a guerrilla war in 1996, and then entering negotiations in 2006. They created new revolutionary governments in remote base areas over ten years, and followed up with a political offensive to win over new urban support. They have won victory in the special election in April, and challenged their foot-dragging opponents by threatening to launching mass mobilizations in the period ahead. They reached out broadly, without abandoning their armed forces or their independent course.</p>
<p>The Maobadi say they have the courage “to climb the unexplored mountain.” They insist that communism needs to be reconceived. They believe popular accountability may prevent the emergence of arrogant new elites. They reject the one-party state and call for a socialist process with multi-party elections. They question whether a standing army will serve a new Nepal well, and advocate a system of popular militias. And they want to avoid concentrating their hopes in one or two leaders-for-life, but instead will empower a rising new generation of revolutionary successors.</p>
<p>Nepal is in that bottom tier of countries called the “fourth world” &#8212; most people there suffer in utter poverty. It is a world away from the developed West, and naturally the political solutions of the Nepali Maoists’ may not apply directly to countries like the U.S. or Britain. But can’t we learn from the freshness they bring to this changing world?</p>
<p>Will their reconception of communism succeed? It is still impossible to know. But their attempt itself already has much to teach.</p>
<p><strong>Reason #2: Imagine Nepal as a Fuse Igniting India</strong></p>
<p>Nepal is such a marginalized backwater that it is hard to imagine its politics having impact outside its own borders. The country is poor, landlocked, remote and only the size of Arkansas. Its 30 million people live pressed between the world’s most populous giants, China and India.</p>
<p>But then consider what Nepal ’s revolution might mean for a billion people in nearby India .</p>
<p>A new Nepal would have a long open border with some of India’s most impoverished areas. Maoist armed struggle has smoldered in those northern Indian states for decades &#8212; with roots among Indian dirt farmers. Conservative analysts sometimes speak of a “red corridor” of Maoist-Naxalite guerrilla zones running through central India, north to south, from the Nepali border toward the southern tip.</p>
<p>Understanding the possibilities, Nepal’s Maobadi made a bold proposal: that the revolutionary movements across South Asia should consider merging their countries after overthrowing their governments and creating a common regional federation. The Maobadi helped form the Coordination Committee of Maoist Parties and Organizations of South Asia (CCOMPOSA) in 2001, which brought together ten different revolutionary groupings from throughout the region.</p>
<p>A future revolutionary government in Nepal will have a hard time surviving alongside a hostile India. It could face demands, crippling embargoes and perhaps even invasion. But at the very same time, such a revolution could serve as an inspiration and a base area for revolution in that whole region. It could impact the world.</p>
<p><strong>Reason #3: Nepal shows that a new, radically better world is possible.</strong></p>
<p>Marx once remarked that the revolution burrows unseen underground and then bursts into view to cheers of “Well dug, old mole!”</p>
<p>We have all been told that radical social change is impossible. Rebellion against this dominant world order has often seemed marked by backward-looking politics, xenophobia, lowered sights and Jihadism. And yet, here comes that old mole popping up in Nepal &#8212; offering a startling glimpse of how people can transform themselves and their world.</p>
<p><img src='http://mikeely.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/tikapur_nepal_2005.jpg' alt='' class='alignright' />Some of the world’s poorest and most oppressed people have set out in the Nepali highlands to remake everything around them &#8212; through armed struggle, political power, and collective labor. Farming people, who are often half-starved and illiterate have formed peoples courts and early agricultural communes. Wife beating and child marriage are being challenged. Young men and women have joined the revolutionary army to defeat their oppressors. There is defiance of arranged marriage and a blossoming of “love matches,” even between people of different castes. There is a rejection of religious bigotry and the traditions of a Hindu monarchy. The 40 ethnic groups of Nepal are negotiating new relations based on equality and a sharing of political power.</p>
<p>All this is like a wonderful scent upon the wind. You are afraid to turn away, unless it might suddenly disappear.</p>
<p><strong>Reason #4: When people dare to make revolution &#8212; they should not stand alone.</strong></p>
<p>These changes would have been unthinkable, if the CPN(Maoist) had not dared to launch a revolutionary war in 1996. And their political plan became reality because  growing numbers of people dared to throw their lives into the effort. It is hard to exaggerate the hope and courage that has gripped people.</p>
<p>Events may ultimately roll against those hopes. This revolution in Nepal may yet be crushed or even betrayed from within. Such dangers are inherent and inevitable in living revolutions.</p>
<p>If the Maobadi pursue new leaps in their revolutionary process, they will likely face continuing attacks from India , backed by the U.S. The CPN(Maoist) has long been (falsely!) labeled “terrorists” by the U.S. government. They are portrayed as village bullies and exploiters of child-soldiers by some human rights organizations. Western powers have armed Nepal’s pro-royal National army with modern weapons. A conservative mass movement in Nepal’s fertile Terai agricultural area has been encouraged by India and Hindu fundamentalists.</p>
<p>Someone needs to spread the word of what is actually going on. It would be intolerable if U.S.-backed destabilization and suppression went unopposed in the U.S. itself.</p>
<p><strong>Here it is</strong>: A little-known revolution in Nepal .</p>
<p>Who will we tell about it? What will we learn from it? What will we do about it?</p>]]></content:encoded>
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