|
Financial
Times, 3rd July, main section: “French road tax rattles gas guzzlers”. The
French government is hoping to impose a tax of up to 3200 euros on new
4-wheel drive cars (4×4s), which are wrecking its cities and cooking the
planet.
Financial Times, 3rd July,
How to Spend It supplement: “Wet this baby’s head”. A new amphibious vehicle
“will be the beefiest 4×4 on road or water”. It has a top speed of over
100mph on the road, and 30 on the water. The developer is holding down the
price to “teach people to recognize it as the way forward”.
Now we can bugger up our
rivers as well as our roads. This is what we mean by progress.
Neither the Financial Times
nor the company’s website reveals how many miles per gallon, or gallons per
mile, the Gibbs Aquada does, and the woman at the sales department told me
she didn’t understand what I meant by “mpg”. (Perhaps I am asking too much
of these people: the spokeswoman at the government’s Department for
Transport hadn’t heard of carbon dioxide). But, in case you were wondering,
the FT explains why you might need one: “This will take you on the school
run and up the Amazon”. If your children go to school up the Amazon, in
other words, it’s indispensable.
Or perhaps the inventor has
developed the perfect business model. If the Gibbs Aquada takes off, global
warming will accelerate. If global warming accelerates, floods will become
more frequent. If floods become more frequent, you will need the Gibbs
Aquada to get to school.
Tony Blair now identifies
climate change as “the single most important issue we face as a global
community.” (1) The main cause of climate change is the
production of carbon dioxide. The fastest-growing source of carbon dioxide
in Britain is transport: its emissions increased by 50% between 1990 and
2002. (2) Flying accounts for most of this, but another
reason is that the market for large 4×4s more than doubled in this period.
Every year, 150,000 British people now buy one of these monsters, mostly to
drive around our cities. (3)
Officially, the biggest
4×4s can manage 12 or 13 miles to the gallon in urban areas. Unofficially,
US journalists found that the Ford Excursion was doing 3.7.
(4) Switching from an average car to a big 4×4, the Sierra Club
calculates, uses as much extra energy in twelve months as leaving your
television on for 28 years. (5)
Arguably, the war with Iraq
was a war for 4×4s. As the former environment minister Michael Meacher
pointed out in the Guardian on Saturday, the US could do without its oil
imports from the Persian Gulf if the fuel efficiency of its cars was
improved by an average of 2.7 miles per gallon. (6)
Special tax breaks make 4×4s effectively free to US businesses,
(7) with the result that they now comprise 46% of the
private fleet. (8) Abandoning those tax breaks would
remove a major incentive for war.
Our fashion accessories,
then, are mowing down the people of Iraq, Bangladesh and the Sahel. They are
also slaughtering our own. Because big 4×4s are higher and heavier, the
occupants of a vehicle hit by one are 27 times more likely to be killed
(according to the US Insurance Institute for Highway Safety) than the
occupants of a vehicle hit by a normal car. (9) For the
same reasons they kill between two and three times as many of the
pedestrians and cyclists they hit as smaller cars. (10)
Obviously, therefore, as
Blair now cares so much about global warming, the British government is
about to follow the French by discouraging them. I’m joking, of course.
“Industrial civilization,” Mustapha Mond, the controller of Aldous Huxley’s
Brave New World, observed, “is only possible when there’s no
self-denial. Self-indulgence up to the very limits imposed by hygiene and
economics. Otherwise the wheels stop turning”. This government intends to
keep the wheels turning as we drive over the abyss. This is why the woman in
the transport department’s press office used precisely the same words as the
man from the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders. “It is up to people
to drive whatever car they choose”. Taxing or banning 4×4s, she told me,
would restrict people’s “freedom of choice”. The same argument, of course,
could be made about the laws preventing citizens from carrying
rocket-propelled grenades to work.
Given that just one in
eight 4×4 drivers has ever driven his car off-road, and only two out of five
have even taken their cars out of town, why do people drive these things?
Why roll anything up to 7.6 tons of metal (the Hummer H1) onto the road,
when a bicycle will do just as well?
Well, it’s partly because
people are terrified of being mown down by 7.6 tons of metal. If giant 4×4s
mangle ordinary cars, you’d better buy a giant 4×4, just as civilians in
Mogadishu must buy an AK47 to protect themselves from civilians with AK47s.
It’s partly too because we lead such humdrum lives. When you’re driving a
“Defender” or “Explorer” or “Pathfinder” or “Cherokee”, you can place
yourself, just like the adverts, on the wild frontier, without having to
travel beyond Ealing Broadway. During the Iraq war, the New York Times
reported that men in the US were buying Hummers (the biggest 4×4s) for
“patriotic reasons”: the troops in Iraq were using the same vehicles.
(11) (Logically, they should also have been demonstrating
their love for their country by machine-gunning passers-by.)
And if the dullness of your
life, or the size of your genitals, continues to trouble you, you can always
take your truck to a green lane (until recently the tranquil preserve of
ramblers and horse riders) to tear up some turf and find out what you’re
made of. “In theory”, Auden wrote, “they were sound on Expectation/ Had
there been situations to be in;/ Unluckily they were their situation”.
(12)
But perhaps there’s more to
it than ennui and insecurity. George Marshall, of the climate change network
Rising Tide, suggests that the people who buy these cars in the face of both
a developing global climate crisis and an impending global oil crisis are
engaging in “reactive denial”. By showing that it’s possible to consume vast
quantities of fossil fuel without an immediately discernable adverse effect,
4×4 drivers prove to themselves that there cannot be a problem.
If this is the case, then
the only sensible response is to demonstrate that there are immediately
discernable adverse effects, by stinging these people with a vast tax bill,
or simply by banning their anti-social behavior. It isn’t hard to do: the
government could set a minimum average mpg for all new cars: say 30 to begin
with, rising by a couple every year. This would shut the big 4×4s out of the
market immediately (there could be a temporary exemption for farmers).
The alternative is to do as
the government is doing now: leave the world to be destroyed, in the name of
that marvelous excuse for an absence of leadership: freedom of choice.
There’s a simple and cost-effective means for Tony Blair to prove that he’s
serious about climate change: drive these dangerous baubles off the road.
George Monbiot is
Honorary Professor at the Department of Politics in Keele and Visiting
Professor at the Department of Environmental Science at the University of
East London. He writes a weekly column for
The Guardian newspaper of London. His most recent book is
Manifesto for a New World Order (New Perss, 2004). His articles and
contact info can be found at his website:
www.monbiot.com.
References
1. Tony Blair, May 2004. Article in
Parliamentary Monitor, cited by Paul Brown, 27th May 2004. Officials try to
hide rise in transport pollution. The Guardian.
2. Paul Brown, 27th May 2004. Officials try to hide rise in transport
pollution. The Guardian.
3. Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, 29th June 2004. The 4×4 is
here to stay – on and off-road.
www.smmt.co.uk/home.cfm?CFID=921333&CFTOKEN=59481958
4. Paul Roberts, 1st April 2001. Bad Sports. Harper’s Magazine.
5. The Sierra Club, 2004. Driving Up the Heat: SUVs and Global Warming.
www.sierraclub.org/globalwarming/SUVreport/
6. Michael Meacher 3rd July 2004. Time to cut down. The Guardian.
7. Anil Ananthaswamy, 8th March 2003. Crunch Time for the SUV. New
Scientist.
8. Associated Press, 20th December 20, 2000. Big vehicles guzzle as mileage
too low.
9. Cited by Iain S Bruce, 8th June 2003. Revealed: the true cost of our love
affair with 4×4s. The Sunday Herald.
10. Rob Edwards, 13th June 2004. Plan to ‘punish’ 4×4 drivers. The Sunday
Herald.
11. D. Hakim, "In their Hummers, Right Beside Uncle Sam," The New York
Times, 5th April 2003.
12. WH Auden. "The Quest." Published in WH Auden, Selected Poems
(Faber and Faber, London, 1940).
HOME
|
|
