Lichen’s point is well taken; which I’ve explored in several previous articles. Both KUBARK and HRE were torture manuals that were disseminated by the U.S. military and various CIA cut-outs, notably AID and the so-called U.S. Public Safety program. Those of you old enough may remember the Dan Mitrione kidnapping and assassination by the Tupamaro’s in Uruguay. Mitrione was a “police trainer” who taught the Uruguayan military an industrial strength brand of torture. These techniques were consciously and unambiguously taught across the region by CIA and military “specialists.”

Indeed, the School of the Americas and Ft. Huachucha military intel school were repositories of these monstrous curricula. It would take a book-length study (such as Alfred McCoy’s “A Question of Torture”) to adequately cover the crimes against humanity by the U.S. against the people of Latin America.